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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="math_toolkit.high_precision.using_test"></a><a class="link" href="using_test.html" title="Using without expression templates for Boost.Test and others">Using without
      expression templates for Boost.Test and others</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
        As noted in the <a href="../../../../../../libs/multiprecision/doc/html/index.html" target="_top">Boost.Multiprecision</a>
        documentation, certain program constructs will not compile when using expression
        templates. One example that many users may encounter is Boost.Test (1.54
        and earlier) when using macro BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE and BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION.
      </p>
<p>
        If, for example, you wish to use any multiprecision type like <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50</span></code> in place of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">double</span></code> to give more precision, you will need
        to override the default <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">et_on</span></code>
        with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">et_off</span></code>.
      </p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
</pre>
<p>
        To define a 50 decimal digit type using <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float</span></code>,
        you must pass two template parameters to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">number</span></code>.
      </p>
<p>
        It may be more legible to use a two-staged type definition such as this:
      </p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="number">50</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">mp_backend</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">mp_backend</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">et_off</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_noet</span><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
<p>
        Here, we first define <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">mp_backend</span></code>
        as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float</span></code> with 50
        digits. The second step passes this backend to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">number</span></code>
        with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">et_off</span></code>, an enumerated type.
      </p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="number">50</span><span class="special">&gt;,</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">et_off</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_noet</span><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
<p>
        You can reduce typing with a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">using</span></code>
        directive <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span>
        <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">;</span></code>
        if desired, as shown below.
      </p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
<p>
        Now <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_noet</span></code>
        or <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_et</span></code> can
        be used as a direct replacement for built-in types like <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">double</span></code>
        etc.
      </p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cpp_float_test_check_close_noet</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span> <span class="comment">// No expression templates/</span>
  <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="number">50</span><span class="special">&gt;,</span> <span class="identifier">et_off</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_noet</span><span class="special">;</span>

  <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">precision</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_noet</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">digits10</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// All significant digits.</span>
  <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">showpoint</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// Show trailing zeros.</span>

  <span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_noet</span> <span class="identifier">a</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"1.0"</span><span class="special">);</span>
  <span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_noet</span> <span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"1.0"</span><span class="special">);</span>
  <span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">+=</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_noet</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">epsilon</span><span class="special">();</span> <span class="comment">// Increment least significant decimal digit.</span>

  <span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_noet</span> <span class="identifier">eps</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_noet</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">epsilon</span><span class="special">();</span>

  <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="string">"a = "</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">a</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">",\nb = "</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">",\neps = "</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">eps</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span>

  <span class="identifier">BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">eps</span> <span class="special">*</span> <span class="number">100</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// Expected to pass (because tolerance is as percent).</span>
  <span class="identifier">BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">eps</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// Expected to pass (because tolerance is as fraction).</span>



<span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(cpp_float_test_check_close)</span>

<span class="identifier">BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cpp_float_test_check_close_et</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span> <span class="comment">// Using expression templates.</span>
  <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="number">50</span><span class="special">&gt;,</span> <span class="identifier">et_on</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_et</span><span class="special">;</span>

  <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">precision</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_et</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">digits10</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// All significant digits.</span>
  <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">showpoint</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// Show trailing zeros.</span>

  <span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_et</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"1.0"</span><span class="special">);</span>
  <span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_et</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"1.0"</span><span class="special">);</span>
  <span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">+=</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_et</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">epsilon</span><span class="special">();</span> <span class="comment">// Increment least significant decimal digit.</span>

  <span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_et</span> <span class="identifier">eps</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50_et</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">epsilon</span><span class="special">();</span>

  <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">"a = "</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">a</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">",\nb = "</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">",\neps = "</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">eps</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span>

  <span class="identifier">BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">eps</span> <span class="special">*</span> <span class="number">100</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// Expected to pass (because tolerance is as percent).</span>
  <span class="identifier">BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">eps</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// Expected to pass (because tolerance is as fraction).</span>
</pre>
<p>
        Using <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">cpp_dec_float_50</span></code> with
        the default expression template use switched on, the compiler error message
        for `BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(a, b, eps); would be:
      </p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="comment">// failure floating_point_comparison.hpp(59): error C2440: 'static_cast' :</span>
<span class="comment">// cannot convert from 'int' to 'boost::multiprecision::detail::expression&lt;tag,Arg1,Arg2,Arg3,Arg4&gt;'</span>
</pre>
<p>
        A full example code is at <a href="../../../../example/test_cpp_float_close_fraction.cpp" target="_top">test_cpp_float_close_fraction.cpp</a>
      </p>
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